By Roy Benaroch, MD
As printed in Around Town Publishing, May 2007
Summer is a time for swimming, sunshine, and fun–but too much sunshine can be a problem. Overexposure to sun can not only cause painful sunburns, but also prematurely aged and wrinkled skin. Sun damage also contributes to skin cancer. Families should keep in mind that a child’s skin is more sensitive to the harmful effects of sun exposure than an adult’s.
To avoid skin damage from sun exposure, avoid direct sunlight in the middle of the day, from 10:00 to 3:00. Wear broad-rimmed hats and sunglasses, and wear light-colored clothing to reflect the sun’s rays. Clothing that stays dry and is rated for sun protection works best at preventing sun damage.
Sunscreen can be used safely at any age. Look for a product that provides protection from both UVA and UVB sunlight, and is rated at SPF 30 or more. Sunscreen should be applied liberally–an adult application should use one full ounce. A typical bottle of sunscreen should only have enough for about eight applications–so if your bottle is lasting longer than this, you’re not applying enough! Sunscreen should be reapplied frequently, especially if you’ve gotten wet.
When outside, don’t forget to drink plenty of water. Small children may not be able to ask for water when they’re thirsty, so parents have to offer sips frequently while in the sun.
If you or your child does get sunburned, get out of the sun to prevent further damage right away. Take ibuprofen (for children older than six months) for pain, and provide extra fluids to prevent dehydration. Soothing gels that contain benzocaine, often also with aloe, can help. Topical agents like these feel even better if they’re kept in the refrigerator. Sunburned skin should be gently washed daily with lukewarm soapy water.
Though children with pale skin, light-colored eyes, and freckles are the most sensitive to the sun, even kids with dark skin can develop sunburns and sun damage. Parents should set a good example by taking good care of their own skin, and teaching their children to avoid the dangers of sun overexposure.